The students with Jan at IIASA

Friday, December 2, 2011

Un Viaje a España



The IGERT group headed to Madrid, Spain last week to learn about the Guadiana River Basin. The upper Guadiana River system, located in central Spain, is a dramatic example of a changing social-ecological system. Rapid development of irrigated agriculture over the past several decades has lead to intensive groundwater use and the over-exploitation of the Western Mancha aquifer. The aquifer, which has decreased 40 to 50 meters in some areas, supports the wetlands of Las Tablas de Damiel National Park which is listed as both a Ramsar site and as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The 4-day trip consisted of a day of presentations introducing us to the Upper Guadiana region, a tour of LasTablas National Park, and meetings with representatives from the Damiel irrigation community and the River Basin Authority.

Day 1 - An early flight into Madrid and a day of sightseeing


The Royal Palace of Madrid
Group photo in front of the Royal Palace

Festive town square in Madrid
 
Day 2 - Meetings at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) for background presentations on the upper Guadiana

Presentation by Gema Carmona, a post-doc at UPM, on the application of participatory methods in the upper Guadiana basin. Gema was our guide for the week and did an amazing job introducing us to the complex issues faced in the basin. 

Presentation by Irene Blanco (UPM) on "Assessing water conservation measures and tools".

The IGERT group and the UPM group


Day 3 - Visit with Damiel irrigation community, tour of Las Tablas de Damiel National Park, and a visit to the Water Exhibition Center of Damiel

Group discussion with the Secretary of the Damiel Irrigation Community.

During the meeting with the Damiel Irrigation Community, we learned about the role of the irrigation community and the challenges they face in representing water users (which mainly consist of irrigators). The farmers within the basin want to keep their water rights at past use levels but the irrigation community is being pressured by the River Basin Authority (and overarching legislation) to lower consumption.

Gema, Jan, Joana and Trisha checking out a map of the Guadiana River Basin

During our 2-hour tour of Las Tablas, our Irish tour guide Mike provided us with a wealth of historical and ecological knowledge of the park. Heavily dependent on the Western Mancha aquifer, the water in the wetlands varies greatly from year to year (the wetlands are basically the surface area of the aquifer). The park supports over 200 species of birds including ducks, flamingos and cranes.

Mike, Joana, Gema, Jan, Trisha, Kristine and Joe enjoying the beautiful scenery.

A map showing the hydrology of Las Tablas

Las Tablas de Damiel National Park

Joana taking a closer look at a stork off into the distance.

We finished to day by making a stop at the Water Exhibition Center of Damiel, an education facility used to teach students and community members about the wetlands and the threats the park is facing due to increasing pressures on groundwater resources within the region.


Joe and Jan looking at an exhibit that shows the effects of declining water resources within the upper Guadiana region.
  Day 4 - We spent our last day with Jose Ramon Aragon from the River Basin Authority office in Ciudad Real. We met for a few hours in the morning for a Q&A session on the basin and then went into the field to take a first-hand look at what was happening.

Jose Ramon presenting on the Upper Guadiana

The water within Las Tablas National Park is protected; however, the water above and below the park is not protected. This picture shows where the Guadiana River should flow. However, the river only flows in the upper basin during times of high rainfall.

Our field visit also included a trip to the Alarcos-Calatrava archaeological park where we received a tour of a former Iberian city dating back to the 8th century. Jose Ramon is leading the way to the former castle.

Our excursion to the ancient city had a relevant purpose, for the Guadiana River once flowed past the city walls...but now only flows during periods of high rainfall.

Spain was our last group IGERT trip in Europe. It has been a great adventure and an amazing educational experience. We can't thank Jan enough for all of his time and planning efforts to make our experience so rewarding.

Thursday, November 24, 2011

Trip to Poland

Recently, the IGERT group spent several days in Wroclaw, Poland to learn about the Odra River (Oder River) and to try out some role-play simulation games used as communication tools in community dialog. After traveling through Austria and the Czech Republic by train, we were met in Wroclaw by our host for our stay in Poland, Dr. Piotr Magnuszewski. Piotr is the managing director and co-founder of the Centre for Systems Solutions in Wroclaw.

Sunrise illuminating the charming central square of Wroclaw called Rynek. We arrived in Wroclaw late in the evening and didn’t get to see much of this city. However, the first morning’s sunrise revealed the colorful facades of the main square.


Our guide during the river field trip on the first day was Dr. Andrzej
Dunajski, a professor at the University of Wroclaw. We toured multiple sections of the Odra River to better understand the boundary of the former floodplain, the current floodplain enclosed by dikes, and areas of forest that are being managed for future floodplain use. We also looked at the affects the impoundments have had on the river channel.

Odra River Basin. The area we toured was in the vicinity of Wroclaw, which can be located at roughly latitude 51°N, longitude 17°E.

Andrzej and Christina looking at a map of land types around the Odra River. Note that the dark lines are where the current dykes are installed and the dotted lines are the historic floodplain.

Impounded surface water in a reservoir created by damming the Odra River; this pond is popular for fishing.

Bottom: Earthen levee that runs along the Odra River. Top: Trees with the festive Viscum album (mistletoe).

Incised channel bed downstream from the dam.

A monument that memorializes the height of major flooding events in the past. The entire region was greatly affected by the flood in the summer of 1997.

At this point, we broke for lunch in the small town of Lubiaz, where we ate at a quaint restaurant and toured the Cistercian Abbey. Some of us enjoyed the polish specialties pierogi, dumplings with various fillings, and zurek, sour rye soup with hard boiled eggs and sausage.

Various pictures of the Abbey, built by Benedictines in 1150.

After our late lunch it was time for a stroll through the floodplain forest at dusk.


We spent the second and third day in Wroclaw playing the Floodplain Management Game and learning observation techniques through role-playing exercises. Joanna Stefanska, an environmental psychology lecturer at the University of Warsaw and consultant for Centre for Systems Solutions, joined us to observe our game play on the first day and teach us observation techniques on the second day. Piotr facilitated the game play with assistance from Magdalena Liszka and Michal Pajak, employees at the Centre for System Solutions. Carl Salk also participated in the game, as he will be using techniques learned from these activities to help understand the ways that cooperation and conservation impact governance in tropical forests.

All of us are engrossed in reading the instructions and synopsis of our roles before the game play starts. Joe was the mayor of the town and Christina was the head of the water board, the rest of us were farmers.

Here I am discussing my water needs as a forester with the head of the water board (Christina).

Carl, a cultivator of orchards in the game, is getting money from the town’s banker (Magda).

Kristine and Joana discuss with Piotr the recent rise in the river’s water level in comparison to the levees.

The game board. The blue numbers indicate parcels of land, the cards with numbers contained in houses indicate which farmer parcels belongs to, and the cards with colored borders show the type of production on that parcel and the variety of assets associated with that parcel.

At the end of each turn we had to tally our income from assets minus our losses from inadequate soil moisture, low biodiversity, inadequately controlled flows, and flooding.

Here I am working with the mayor (Joe) to get a fish pond for one of my low lying parcels. In the background Joanna is observing our interaction.

Michal ran the computer simulation that generated values for biodiversity loss, rain fall, soil moisture, and flooding.

Group photo at the conclusion of game play and discussion.

Photo credits: Trisha Spanbauer, Christina Hoffman, and Piotr Magnuszewski